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Enneagram overview5/6/2023 Individuals are generally more influenced by one wing than the other, although traits from both wings may emerge in response to different environments. These neighboring numbers are called "wings" and are traditionally identified with a w (e.g., type 4 with a 5 wing is notated as 4w5). The types on either side of each numbered personality type have the potential to significantly influence the core type. Summary of the nine basic Enneagram personality types Enlarge table To have peace and stability in their internal and external world Struggle with finding their own voice and meaning, being passive aggressive or avoidant. Seen as likeable, laid back, dependent, complacent. Concerned with harmony, comfort, boundaries. To be in control and to protect self and othersĮasygoing, open minded, peaceful, conflict avoidant. Struggle with anger, fear of vulnerability, aggression. Seen as a leader, hardworking, decisive, able to withstand conflict. Concerned with power dynamics, desire to be in control, and justice. Seen as energetic, outgoing, the "life of the party." Struggle with compulsivity, overextension of self, and commitment. Concerned with freedom, excitement, and spontaneity. Struggle with fear, paranoia, worst-case scenarios.Įnthusiastic, adventure seeking, optimistic. Seen as responsible, protective, anxious, suspicious. Concerned with clearly defined roles and structure, alliance to beliefs and groups. Loyal, reliable, committed, security oriented. Struggle with social interaction, emotional expression, and the tendency to isolate. Seen as observant, expert, analytical, eccentric, and devoted to their group. Concerned with privacy, knowledge, insight, and contemplation. To be meaningful based on their inner experienceĬerebral, sensitive, independent, and emotionally restrained. To have no identity or personal significance Struggle with a sense that something is lacking in themselves or the world. Seen as unique, creative, withdrawn, moody, self-absorbed. Concerned with authenticity, able to endure suffering, and a tendency toward individualism and artistic expression. Sensitive, introspective, reserved, emotionally honest with self and others. To be worthless or insignificant, to disappoint others Struggle with vulnerability and self-awareness of their own inner desires. Seen as self-assured, energetic, charming, focused on goals. Concerned with performance, external validation and praise, and feeling distinguished. Hard working, competitive, success oriented, and image conscious. To be unworthy of being loved, to be unwanted Struggle with advocating for their own needs and often "give to get"-working to meet the needs of others in hopes their needs will be met in return. Seen as warm, emotional, comforting, optimistic, easy to flatter or manipulate. Concerned with relationships and sense of connection to others. Struggle with an "inner critic," repressed anger, impatience, and a sense that nothing is good enough. Seen as detail oriented, hypercritical, and judgmental. Concerned with improvement, morality, desire to perfect themselves and their surroundings. Principled, conscientious, organized, responsible, and committed. Summary of the nine basic Enneagram personality types Type In recent years, the Enneagram has seen a surge in popularity, with numerous published books, podcasts, national conferences, and social media accounts emerging to discuss the system. The system has also been utilized by mental health professionals, religious communities, large business corporations, and leadership coaches in an effort to improve understanding of the self and others (the reference list to this article includes recommended reading). Since then, many psychiatrists and psychologists have utilized the Enneagram in their own working theories of personality and in the practice of psychotherapy. Naranjo wrote extensively about his applications of the Enneagram, most notably his theory that each of the nine Enneagram personality types under stress corresponds to a personality disorder as described by the DSM ( 2). Both physicians recognized the value of the Enneagram for describing personality and the immediate connections with their own psychoanalytic training. The system was adapted and introduced in the United States in the early 1970s by psychiatrists Claudio Naranjo and John Lilly after they studied with Ichazo ( 1). The exact origin of the Enneagram is difficult to trace, but the basic elements were synthesized by Oscar Ichazo, a South American philosopher, in the mid-20th century.
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